Some third-party manufacturers produced floppy drives that could write 40 tracks to most 5.25-inch disks, yielding 160 KB of storage per disk, but the format did not catch on widely, and no known commercial software was published on 40-track media. The final Apple II model was the Apple IIc Plus introduced in 1988. [45], Basis, a German company, created the Basis 108,[46] a clone for the Apple II that included both a 6502 processor and the Zilog Z80, allowing it to run the CP/M operating system as well as most Apple II software. An external 5​1⁄4-inch floppy disk drive, the Disk II, attached via a controller card that plugged into one of the computer's expansion slots (usually slot 6), was used for data storage and retrieval to replace cassettes. A few months later, they started shipping all machines with a full 48 KiB complement of DRAM. However, these were in fact real Apple II Plus units manufactured by Apple for B&H for a brief period of time. Jobs also paid close attention to the keyboard design, and decided to use dark brown keycaps as it contrasted well with the case. The Soviet Union electronics industry designed the mostly Apple II-compatible computer Agat 7, producing a similar computer known as the Agat. In 1978, the company introduced an external ​5.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap} 1⁄4-inch floppy disk drive, called Disk II, attached through a controller card that plugs into one of the computer's expansion slots (usually slot 6). It was the first computer to attract a truly loyal community – one that was so die-hard it became bitter when Apple rolled the Apple II series profits into production of the Macintosh. Early Apple IIs were often sold with a Sup'R'Mod, which allowed the composite video signal to be viewed in a television. An "extended 80-column card" with more memory increased the machine's RAM to 128 KB. Subdirectories were not supported. After the success of the first Apple II in the United States, Apple expanded its market to include Europe, Australia and the Far East in 1979, with the Apple II Europlus (Europe, Australia) and the Apple II J-Plus (Japan). The Apple II display provides two pixels per subcarrier cycle. Apple eventually released Applesoft BASIC, a more advanced variant of the language which users could run instead of Integer BASIC for more capabilities. It was possible for software developers to create a DOS 3.2 disk which would also boot on a system with DOS 3.3 firmware. A single HGR page occupied 8 KiB of RAM; in practice this meant that the user had to have at least 12 KiB of total RAM to use HGR mode and 20 KiB to use two pages. Wozniak spent the 1977 Christmas holidays designing a disk controller that reduced the number of chips used by a factor of 10 compared to existing controllers. Since it only supported integers between -32768 and +32767 (signed 16-bit integer), it was less suitable to business software, and Apple soon received complaints from customers. The Apple II was targeted for the masses rather than just hobbyists and engineers, and influenced many of the microcomputers that followed it. When Apple II initially shipped in June 1977, no expansion cards were available for the slots. These clones were the TK3000 IIe by Microdigital and Exato IIe by CCE. He employed a switched-mode power supply design, which was far smaller and generated less unwanted heat than the linear power supply some other home computers used. For instance, the scanlines were not stored in sequential areas of memory. [citation needed] Most could not be legally imported into the United States. Terminated:December 1982, replaced by Apppe IIe. According to some sources (see below), more than 190 different models of Apple II clones were manufactured. The Apple II series of computers had an enormous impact on the technology industry and expanded the role of microcomputers in society. The turret can swivel to cover a large area of the screen, but cannot move from its base. The Laser 128 also had a IIe-style expansion slot on the side that could be used to add peripheral cards. Throughout the 1980s and much of the 1990s, the Apple II was the de facto standard computer in American education; some of them are still operational in classrooms today. The Z80 card also allowed the connection to a modem, and thereby to any networks that a user might have access to. Their official brand name was IRIS 8. There was also a third-party 6809 card that allowed OS-9 Level One to be run. The author concluded that "the Apple II is a very promising machine" which "would be even more of a temptation were its price slightly lower ... for the moment, colour is an Apple II".[24]. In its letterhead and business card implementation, the rounded "a" of the logotype echoed the "bite" in the logo. Using an 8-bit 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz and an 8-bit bus, it ran the … The result was a futuristic-looking molded white plastic case. Agats were not direct clones of Apple II, but rather uniquely designed computers based on 6502 CPU and emulated Apple II architecture. It was the first of three Apple II models to be made in the Snow White design language, and the only one that used its unique creamy off-white color.[31]. Apple II's printed circuit board (PCB) underwent several revisions, as Steve Wozniak made modifications to it. [39], Apple later aired eight television commercials for the Apple IIGS, emphasizing its benefits to education and students, along with some print ads. This method had no cost overhead to have software calculate or look up the address of the required scanline and avoided the need for significant extra hardware. Helmer, Carl, "An Apple to Byte," Byte, March 1978, p. 18-46. Steve Jobs extensively pushed to give Apple II a case that looked visually appealing and sellable to people outside of electronics hobbyists, rather than the generic wood and metal boxes typical of early microcomputers. Despite the introduction of the Motorola 68000-based Macintosh in 1984, the Apple II series still reportedly accounted for 85% of the company's hardware sales in the first quarter of fiscal 1985. The Basis 108 was equipped with built-in Centronics (parallel) and RS232c (serial) ports, as well as the standard six Apple II compatible slots. As shipped, Apple II incorporated a machine code monitor with commands for displaying and altering the computer's RAM, either one byte at a time, or in blocks of 256 bytes at once. Bob Bishop's "Music Kaleidoscope" was a simple program that monitored the cassette input port and based on zero-crossings created color patterns on the screen, a predecessor to current audio visualization plug-ins for media players. The Apple II (stylized as Apple ] [ and later as Apple //) was one of the first highly successful mass produced microcomputer series, manufactured by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.) and introduced in 1977. A commercial speech recognition Blackjack program was available, after some user-specific voice training it would recognize simple commands (Hit, stand). The Disk II single-sided floppy drive used 5.25-inch floppy disks; double-sided disks could be used, one side at a time, by turning them over and notching a hole for the write protect sensor. It was the same size and shape as the IIc that came before it, but the 5.25-inch floppy drive had been replaced with a 3​1⁄2-inch drive, the power supply was moved inside the case, and the processor was a fast 4 MHz 65C02 processor that actually ran 8-bit Apple II software faster than the IIGS. After the release of DOS 3.3, the user community discontinued use of DOS 3.2 except for running legacy software. The aircraft can record the original satellite observation data, camera exposure parameters and various other data. [citation needed], An Australian-produced clone of the Apple II was the Medfly, named after the Mediterranean fruit fly that attacks apples. Must be at least 18 years old. Unlike the Apple II it came with a detached full-stroke keyboard (AZERTY/QWERTY) of 100 keys plus 15 functions keys and separate numeric and editing keypads. The Apple II Plus (stylized as Apple ][+ or apple ][ plus) is the second model of the Apple II series of personal computers produced by Apple Computer, Inc. Unlike most machines, all integrated circuits on the Apple II PCB were socketed; although this cost more to manufacture and created the possibility of loose chips causing a system malfunction, it was considered preferable to make servicing and replacement of bad chips easier. Janoff came up with the Apple logo with a bite out of it.

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